职业行为准则
规则5.4:澳门赌场官网的职业独立性
(a)澳门赌场官网或澳门赌场官网事务所不得与非澳门赌场官网分担法律费用，除非:
(一)澳门赌场官网与澳门赌场官网事务所的协议, 合作伙伴, 或者合伙人可以提供金钱支付, 在澳门赌场官网死后一段合理的时间内, 澳门赌场官网的遗产或者指定的一人以上;
(2) A lawyer who undertakes to complete unfinished legal business of a deceased lawyer may pay to the estate of the deceased lawyer that proportion of the total compensation which fairly represents the services rendered by the deceased lawyer. 购买死者澳门赌场官网事务所的澳门赌场官网, 禁用, 或者失踪的澳门赌场官网可能, 按照规则1的规定.向遗产管理人或该澳门赌场官网的其他代表支付约定的购买价款.
(3)澳门赌场官网或澳门赌场官网事务所可以将非澳门赌场官网雇员纳入薪酬或退休计划, 即使该计划全部或部分基于利润分享安排;
(4) Sharing of fees is permitted in a 合作伙伴ship or other form of organization which meets the requirements of paragraph (b); and
(五)澳门赌场官网可以分担澳门赌场官网费, 无论是由仲裁庭裁决的还是在解决问题时接受的, 与一家非营利性组织合作, 保留, 或者推荐聘请澳门赌场官网处理此事 and that qualifies under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
(b) A lawyer may practice law in a 合作伙伴ship or other form of organization in which a financial interest is held or managerial authority is exercised by an individual nonlawyer who performs professional services which assist the organization in providing legal services to clients, 但前提是:
(一)以向委托人提供法律服务为唯一目的的合伙企业或者组织;
(2) All persons having such managerial authority or holding a financial interest undertake to abide by these 职业行为准则;
(3) The lawyers who have a financial interest or managerial authority in the 合作伙伴ship or organization undertake to be responsible for the nonlawyer participants to the same extent as if nonlawyer participants were lawyers under 规则5.1;
(4)上述条件以书面形式规定.
(c)澳门赌场官网不得准许推荐人, 雇佣了, or pays the lawyer to render legal services for another to direct or regulate the lawyer’s professional judgment in rendering such legal services.
评论
[1]该规则的条款表达了与非澳门赌场官网分享费用的传统限制. (关于不在同一律所的澳门赌场官网之间分担费用， 看到 规则1.5(e).这些限制是为了保护澳门赌场官网的专业判断独立性. 由委托人以外的人支付澳门赌场官网费或工资, 或推荐聘请澳门赌场官网, 这一安排并不改变澳门赌场官网对委托人的义务. 如(c)段所述, 此种安排不应妨碍澳门赌场官网的专业判断.
[2]传统, the canons of legal ethics and disciplinary rules prohibited lawyers from practicing law in a 合作伙伴ship that includes nonlawyers or in any other organization where a nonlawyer is a shareholder, 导演, 或官. 尽管有这些限制, 这个行业含蓄地承认为公司法律部门工作的澳门赌场官网例外, 保险公司, 法律服务机构.
[3]由于对单一来源的广泛专业服务的需求增加, 澳门赌场官网聘请其他学科的专业人士为他们工作. 只要非澳门赌场官网仍然是澳门赌场官网的雇员, 这些关系并没有违反纪律规定. 然而, when lawyers and nonlawyers considered forming 合作伙伴ships and professional corporations to provide a combination of legal and other services to the public, 在以前的规定下，他们面临着严重的障碍.
[4] This rule rejects an absolute prohibition against lawyers and nonlawyers joining together to provide collaborative services, 但是继续将传统的道德要求强加给这样创建的组织. 因此, 澳门赌场官网可以在非澳门赌场官网持有经济利益或行使管理权的组织中执业, 但前提是(b)(1)项中规定的条件, (b)(2), 和(b)(3)满足, 并根据(b)(4)分段, 这些条件的满足将以书面文书的形式列明. The requirement of a writing helps ensure that these important conditions are not overlooked in establishing the organizational structure of entities in which nonlawyers enjoy an ownership or managerial role equivalent to that of a 合作伙伴 in a traditional law firm.
[5]规则5下的非澳门赌场官网参与人.4不应与规则5下的非澳门赌场官网助理混淆.3. Nonlawyer participants are persons having managerial authority or financial interests in organizations that provide legal services. 在这样的组织中, lawyers with financial interests or managerial authority are held responsible for ethical misconduct by nonlawyer participants about which the lawyers know or reasonably should know. 这与规则5所设想的责任标准相同.1、关于对其他澳门赌场官网有直接监督权限的澳门赌场官网的责任.
[6]规则5规定的非澳门赌场官网助理.3 .在组织中没有管理权或经济利益. Lawyers having direct supervisory authority over nonlawyer assistants are held responsible only for ethical misconduct by assistants about which the lawyers actually know.
[7]正如(b)款的引言部分所表明的那样, the purpose of liberalizing the 规则 regarding the possession of a financial interest or the exercise of management authority by a nonlawyer is to permit nonlawyer professionals to work with lawyers in the delivery of legal services without being relegated to the role of an employee. 例如, 该规则允许经济学家与反垄断或公用事业从业人员在同一家公司工作, 心理学家或精神科社会工作者与家庭法律从业人员合作，协助为客户提供咨询, 非澳门赌场官网说客与提供立法服务的澳门赌场官网合作, certified public accountants to work in conjunction with tax lawyers or others who use accountants’ services in performing legal services, 而职业经理人则担任办公室经理, 执行董事, 或者处于类似的位置. 在所有这些情况下, 专业人员可能被赋予经济利益或管理责任, 只要满足(c)款的所有要求.
[8] Paragraph (b) does not permit an individual or entity to acquire all or any part of the ownership of a law 合作伙伴ship or other form of law practice organization for investment or other purposes. 因此，它不允许成立公司, 一家投资银行公司, 一个投资者, or any other person or entity to entitle itself to all or any portion of the income or profits of a law firm or other similar organization. Since such 一个投资者 would not be an individual performing professional services within the law firm or other organization, (b)款的要求将得不到满足.
[9] The term “individual” in subparagraph (b) is not intended to preclude the participation in a law firm or other organization by an individual professional corporation in the same manner as lawyers who have incorporated as a professional corporation currently participate in 合作伙伴ships that include professional corporations.
[10]在(b)款所允许的各种组织中，可能会发生一些费用分摊。. (a)(4)项明确规定不禁止此种费用分摊.
[11] (a)(5)款允许澳门赌场官网与聘用澳门赌场官网的非营利组织分担澳门赌场官网费, 保留, 或者推荐聘请澳门赌场官网处理此事. A lawyer may decide to contribute all or part of legal fees recovered from the opposing party to a nonprofit organization. 这样的捐款可能涉及也可能不涉及分摊费用, 但是当它发生的时候, the prospect that the organization will obtain all or part of the lawyer’s fees does not inherently compromise the lawyer’s professional independence, 该澳门赌场官网是由该组织聘请的，还是由该组织聘请或推荐的. A lawyer who has agreed to share legal fees with such an organization remains obligated to exercise professional judgment solely in the client’s best interests. 此外, fee-splitting in these circumstances may promote the financial viability of such nonprofit organizations and facilitate their public interest mission. 与示范规则5的相应规定不同.4(a)(5), this provision is not limited to sharing of fees awarded by a court because that restriction would significantly interfere with settlement of cases, 而不显著推进例外的目的. 以防止滥用这一更广泛的例外, 它只适用于符合《澳门赌场官方软件》第501(c)(3)条规定的非营利组织.
